Aeneid, Teacher Notes.
Common alternate endings:
Perfect tense 3rd pl. -ere instead of -erunt ending
Acc. pl, 3rd decl.: instead of -es, use īs
Gen. Pl, 2nd decl.: instead of -orum, use -um
Abbreviations:
d.o.=direct object
i.s..=indirect statement
nap=neuter acc. pl.
mod.=modifies
Book I
1: Trojae, gen.
Virum=hero
4: vi from vis
5: translate "et" at beginning of clause
dum=until
8: quo numine laeso=what divinity was offended
9: dolens: (don't use footnote with "vexed") =resenting or grieving at
13: longe=far
14: ostia: is a poetic plural (translate as a singular)
opum=in resources (see footnote)
15: w.o.: unam quam
16: coulisse: translate using "worship" and it's a perfect act inf
16&17: hic=here (when it has a macron, it is an adv.)
illius: refers to Juno
18: qua: adv. = in any way
17-18: fovet=hopes & is followed by an i.s.
This passage is hard due to the footnote providing stuff that is not there. Use the w.o. in the footnote, but omit: Juno, hanc urbem, sed…regnum. Also, translate "dea" tendit & fovet.
19: translate "sed" first
20: w.o.: quae olim
21: regem=regnantem=ruling
26: use "it" as the subject of manet or use all the nom nouns as the subject. If you use "it" the nom. nouns will be appositives to it.
28: rapti: gen
29: his=because of these things
29: super=in addition
29-31: Troas is the d.o. of arcebat
32: w.o. circum maria omnia
33: f.n. sounds awkward but use it anyway
33: tantae molis: gen of quality (use "of")
35: aere=bronze (prow)
36: cum=when
37-38: ind. Statement. Use posse as the main verb; me is it's subject
44: flammas is the d.o. of exspirantem
48: numen and nomen are not the same word
49: honorem=offering
50: talia: acc pl
51-52: Aeoliam is an appositive to patria
53: Hic: adv
53: luctantis: acc pl
58: acc words are d.o. of verbs in l.59
59: ferant: would/might carry
61: provide "them" as d.o. of imposuit
72: quarum=of whom
75: use "of" with the abl of quality
76: haec: neut acc pl (henceforth abbreviated "NAP")
78: use "das" in l. 79 with "Tu…regni"
80 use "over" with genitives
81: haec: neut acc pl
83: qua=adv
84: totum: d.o. of runt in l. 85
88: eripiunt=hide
95: quis=quibus
96: contigit: happened
96: fortissimo: vocative with Tydide
97: also use potuisse with occumpere
102: jacanti=utter
107: aperit: open (as in "reveal")
109: w.o. "saxa quae.."
109: Itali: subj of vocant
109: fluctibus=sea
111: brevia=shallows
117: circum: adv=around
119: use "apparent" with all nom. in ll. 118-119
120-122: hiems vicit is subj and verb in these lines
124: i.s. introduced by sensit
130: doli & irae: nom
131: fatur=said
talia: nap
use "escape the notice of" for latuere (takes an acc d.o.).
142: citius: comparative adv.
Dicto: fr. Dictum (noun)
145: navis: acc pl
151: forte=by chance
gravem: serious, venerable
153: dictis: noun
156: secundo=obedient with "chariot" understood (dat.)
provided "are" with "quae proxima"
157: cursu: with haste
160-161: omnis modifies unda; reductos modifies sinus
167: aquae dulces: nom pl
168: vavis-naves
170: septem modifies collectis
173: ponunt=stretch
tabentis: acc pl., pres act part.
175: add "dry" to f.n., modifies fuel
182: biremis: acc p.
186: agmen-herd
189: primum: first (adv)
190: translate "et" first; omnem describes turbam and they are the obj of agens
192: quam=as
193: septem describes corpora
200: translate "et" first
Vos: subject of acces(sis)tis
201: sonantis=sonantes
203: translate "et" first; ignore the f.n. (perhaps…things) but use "it will please us"
207: vosmet=vos
208: refert=he said
talia: nap
211: use "from" with abl. of separation
214: visis is from vis
219: exaudire=would hear
pati=to have suffered
220: Oronti: gen.
223: cum=when
225: populos=nations
227: talis=tales
227-229: translate "adloquitur Venus" with illum curas in l. 227
229: res=affairs
231: in=against
231-232: Use "potuere committere" with Aeneas (231) & Troes (232)
235: fore=futuros esse (from "sum" & in an ind. Statement)
236: use "tenerent" with both "qui's"
236: omnis=omnes
239: contraria fata: obj of respendens
241: rex magne: voc.
245: ora from os, oris
246: arva: acc.
247: ille (Antenor)
249: Troia modifies arma
250: quibus: dat.
252: oris from ora
262: movebo=ponder
261: w.o.: tibi fabor
264: ponet=establish
265: dum=until
267: translate "Iulus" as an appositive to "cognomen"
268: dum=while
269: trigenta modifies magnos orbis(acc)
273-274: Ilia modifies regina
275: fulvo tegmine: abl of cause
277: use gentem as d.o. of dicet and use Romanos as an appositive to gentem
286: pulchra=noble, illustrious
287: imperium=dominion
290: vocabiture=invoke
291: positis=bury
293-294: "saeva arma" -object of super
295: centum modifies aenis
301: oris
ora
305: ut primum=as soon as
306-309: constituit in l. 309 is the verb used with "exire...," l. 306
307-309: w.o.: use "quaerere" before "quas...", l. 307
307: quas is an adj.
308: "ea" from the footnote=those
309: referre=to say
314: tulit=presented
314: cui…obvia=to meet him
320: collecta: translate as a deponent verby
fluentis=fluentes
321: monstrate=tell (me)
quam=any
331: oris is from ora
341: ignore footnoted translation
344: Phoenicum: gen. pl.
346: omnis=omnes
348: w.o. is inter quos…
350: ignore footnote
361: quibus: dat.
362: navis=naves
forte=by chance (from "fors")
364: facti is a noun
367: de nomine facti (a noun)
Byrsam is an appostive to solum
367-368: don't use the footnote
369: quibus modifies oris (ora)
370: Quo=Where
-ve=or (an enclitic ending)
quaerenti: dative and modifies the understood "Veneri"
373: annalis=annals
375: auris=aures
376: iit is from eo
378: penatis=penates
382: septem is nom.
385: plura=more (acc)
quaerentem modifies the understood "man" or "Aeneas"
386: nec negates passus
387: haud negates invisus
387: auras is from aura
388: adveneris is perf. Subj
389: te is reflexive (=yourself)
390:relatam is from refero (born back/restored)
390-391: translate as an indirect statement (see f.n.)
393: laetantis=laetantes
394: cinxere=cinxerunt/dedere=dederunt
396: captas (terras) is the d.o. of despectare
397: ut=as
400: ostia is acc.
401: qua=where
404: spiravere: perf. tense, 3rd. pl.
409: datur: allow
voces=words
411: provide "them" before gradientis
413: ne quis: so that no one
425: use "press on" with ducere and all other infin.
425: provide "it" as the understood d.o. of concludere
430: nova=late
431: cum=when
439: dictu (supine)=to tell
440: viris=with men (not dat. as footnote says
ulli=dat of agent=by anyone
441: umbrae: dat. (not gen.)
442: quo modifies loco
443: signum=token
quod=which
444-445: "fore"=futuros esse (from sum) --infinitive in i.s. introduced by the understood "monstraverat"
445: victu=to sustain (supine)
gentem: subj of i.s.
452: rebus=fortunes
453: sub=in
singular: NAP-a substantive
453-454: dum=while
454: quaeurbe: translate literally, not as dat.of possession
455: manus=deeds
456: translate miratur before quae…in l. 454
458: understood "videt" introduces Atridas…Achillem
amobus: dat.
465: flumine (of tears)
466: uti=ut=how
469: nec negates procul
472: ardentis=ardentes
472: prius quam=sooner than
479: non negates aequae
481: tunsae: translate as though deponent participle
483: Achilles: subj of both verbs
484: auro=for gold
486: ut=as; spoila, currus, corpus: acc. d.o. of conspexit
499: quam=as
502: guadia: nom; Latonae: gen.
504: per=among
Book II:
ll.1-56
5: quaeque=quae que
6: quorum=of which
6: quis=which, modifies miles in l.7
8: provided se with temperet
33: duci; present pass inf
46=against
48: ne credite=nolite credere (neg. command)
50: fatus: from for
viribus: from vis
55: impulerat=would have driven (us)
56: staret=would stand
ll.199-297
199-200: majus=maius; majus magis=much more (abl. of degree of difference
210: igni: abl.
211: ora from os
216: auxilio=to help, as an aid
ipsum=obj of ligant
218: medium=his middle
232: decendum (ess) & orandum (esse): fut.. passive infin. Used in ind. statement with
simulacrum as the acc. subj.. Translate as if passive periphrastics
246: fatas=oracles, destiny
247: ora=speeches
248 & 258: deum=deorum
256: cum=when
258-259: laxat=freed w/Danaos; laxat=loosened w/ pinea
282: tenuere=perf.tense, 3rd pl.
283: exspectate: vocative
venis=venisti
287: maratur=heed
vana=idle things
473: positis=shed
exuviis=skin
494: aditus: acc. pl.
495: milite: pl.
496-498: don't need footnote
501: nurus: acc. pl.
509: circumdata has 2 objects in diff. cases; umeris is the obj of "circum" and arma is the object of "data"
510: inutile describes ferrum: the f.n. omits this word
515-517: sedebant used with Hecuba et nata
519: miserrime: voc.
520: quo=where
525: sacrā is abl. sing. (macron is difficult to see)
529-530: illum: d.o. of insequitur, tenet, and permit
531: ut=as
ora: obj of ante
536: ausis=daring
di: nom. of deus
538: ausis=daring
di: nom. pl of deus
cernere: to see
540: ille modifies Achjilles
541: in=against
545: quod=which
547: referes=relate
549: memento: future imperative=remember
552: coruscum mod. ensem (553) ; ensem is the obj of extulit & abdidit
559: primum: for the 1st time
561: ut=as/when
564: w.o.: circum me
564: quae (adj) mod. Copia
736: cursu=with haste
737: dum=while
736-740: w.o.: incertum (est) dum sequor…
740: post=afterward
742: quam=as
744: virum=husband
746: crudelius: mod. Quid (acc.n. comp. Adj.)
754: lumine=eyes
756: forte=by chance
768: Ausus=having dared
771-773: follow w.o. in f.n.
773: notā: abl of comparison= than (the image) known to me
775: provide "she began" before infinitive
779: provide "it" as d.o. of sinit
780: pass. Periphrastic w/tibi as dat of agent
782: Lydius mod. Thybris
agmine=course